Expemiment: Synthesis from Musical Score

by Paitosh K. Pandya on 29 March, 2000

Outline

Our aim is to develop a score notation for indian music where effects such as meend and gamak can be notated. Together with the notation, we  will also develop a synthesizer which can play the scored music. The notation will also include tabla strokes.

The aim is to have an open framework where notation  for newer  effects can be easily added and strategies for rendering these effects can be experimented with.

The generated music uses a harmonic scale where 8 "pure" notes in an octave are placed at
ratios 1, 9/8, 5/4, 4/3, 3/2, 5/3, 15/8, 2/1. Positions of rest of the notes is less certain.
The thoery of Indian music prescribes 22 notes in an octave and their positions are not known
(the so called "shruti samasya").  We are currently making measurements to ascertain these positions.
 

Current Status

This project is in Highly preliminary form.

We have fixed the syntax for  core level notation and constructed a synthesis engin for rendering these  notes. A compiler program translates from the high level music notation to  low level code handled by a synthesis engin.  Below, we give an example of music in such a notation and the resulting sound files. Currently we are experimenting with notation for meends and their rendering.

Example 1

define teental as
pat( dha, dhin, dhin, na | na, dhin, dhin, na | na, tin, tin, na | na, dhin, dhin, na ) ;

main tempo=120 tabvol=77 insvol=81
2*poly( 3:teental,
    pat(G,R,2.G |R,S,R,S | S,D-,P-, D- | 2.S,R, G |
             R, 2.P, G | G, R, 2.G | P, 2.pat(G, 2.P, D), S'| S', 2.D, P|
             G, R, S , R | 2.D-, S,R |
               8.pat( 3%G, R ,2.G, 3%D-,S, R, 3.G, 3%P-,D-,S,R,2.3%G)
            )
       ).

Explanation (very sketchy):

 2*pat  play pattern at twice the current tempo.
3:pat    play pattern three times.
2.pat    fit the pattern to play in two beats at current tempo.
3%pat  increase the volume of pattern by 3db.
poly(pat1,pat2) plays patterns pat1 and pat2 in parallel (simultaneously).

S,R,G,M ... notes of Indian music roughly C,D,E,F.. of western notation.
D- means  note D one octave down. R'' means note R two octaves up.
dha, dhin, ...  bols (sounds) of Indian drum instrument tabla.

Synthesized sound files:
Played as synthesized reed instrument.
(Synthesis technique: Addative synthesis  + ADSR envelop )

Played as synthesized string instrument.
(Synthesis technique: Karplus-Strong Algorithm for plucked sound)

Played as sampled santur instrument.
(Synthesis technique: Wavetable synthesis with sampled santoor sound).
 
 

Larger Examples

  • A classical film song. Score and synthesized sound (.wav file) (large 5 Mbytes)
  • A variety of tabla compositions: Score and Synthesized sound (.wav file) (LARGE 9 MBytes)
  • Raag Durga in Ektal: Score and Synthesized sound (.wav file) (LARGE 10 MBytes)
  • Acknowledgements: The compiler construction system GENTLE was used for building program that translates from high level music notation to code handled by synthesis engin. The synthesis engin was built using the well-known software synthesis program CSOUND.



    This page was created by Paritosh K. pandya on 29 March, 2000 as part of the mu M project. Last modifined 15 June, 2000.